Is Patong in Kathu?
Yes. Patong is one of three subdistricts in Kathu district, with Kathu and Kamala. A listing can say Bangla Road and Kathu without describing two trips. The Phuket Moulin Rouge is the page that causes the mix-up: the address says Bangla Rd, and the city field says Kathu. Use the Bangla Road line. The district name does not move that door out of Patong.
There is a second Moulin Rouge, and it is not this one. The Pattaya listing is at 94 Walking St. Same name, other city, other slug, covered with the south Pattaya roads on Massage near Walking Street.
Kathu is the district, not the beach
Kathu district is the west-coast district that contains Patong. Kathu town and Kamala are the other two subdistricts, so a pin that only says Kathu is not automatically Bangla Road. Patong has its own town municipality inside the district. When a map labels the whole amphoe, ask for the street before you accept the ride. Goddess A Go-Go at 66 Bangla Rd does not need this explanation. The address already says Bangla Road, and the city field says Patong.
The Phuket Moulin Rouge says Bangla Road
Read that address as Bangla Road in Patong, inside Kathu district. Do not add a second leg to "Kathu" as if it were another beach. A first evening on the main road is the Bangla checklist. Where to sleep if that road is the point is the Patong stay guide. The choice between Patong and Phuket Town stays in Phuket by area.
The Suzy Wong's name is a different muddle. Suzy Wong's 2 and 3 say Soi Sea Dragon. The unnumbered Suzy Wong's listing says only Patong, not Bangla Road. That sorting is Which Suzy Wong's in Patong?.
A district label will not find the door
Bangla Road, Soi Sea Dragon, Rat-U-Thit and Nanai can all sit in Patong, which sits in Kathu. If the message you were sent says only Kathu, it has not named a street. Get the venue, then the road, and ignore the idea that Kathu means you have left the beach.